International Council on Nanotechnology, Rice University - Virtual Journal

Interactions Between Proteins and Carbon-Based Nanoparticles: Exploring the Origin of Nanotoxicity at the Molecular Level

Tue, 18 Jun 2013 16:37:18 GMT

In this review, a summary is presented of some of the recent studies on the important subject of interactions between nanoparticles and proteins due to the biosafety concerns of nanomaterials, especially on the interactions of proteins with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metallofullerenols.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1546-1556

Biosensing Approaches for Rapid Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Assays upon Nanomaterial Exposure

Tue, 18 Jun 2013 16:30:32 GMT

There are two major objectives to this study. Firstly, the development of a novel lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is presented to measure the concentration of 8-OHdG in cells and thus reveal the nanotoxicity on the genomic level. The feasibility of this new method is validated by comparison with two other established methods: Alamar Blue assay and a recently developed electrical impedance sensing (EIS) system on the level of cell proliferation/viability. Secondly, the toxicological effects of three metallic nanoparticles (CuO, CdO, and TiO2) are investigated and compared using these three methods with completely different mechanisms.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1821-1830

Silver Nanoparticles Decrease Body Weight and Locomotor Activity in Adult Male Rats

Tue, 18 Jun 2013 15:06:32 GMT

In this study, the authors evaluated the acute effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on body weight and locomotor activity of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats following intravenous injection. This study begins to fill the substantial data gap regarding the potential neurotoxicity of Ag-NPs.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1715-1720

TLR4 Signaling Is Involved in Brain Vascular Toxicity of PCB153 Bound to Nanoparticles

Tue, 18 Jun 2013 14:58:45 GMT

The aim of this study was to study the hypothesis that assembling onto nanoparticles can influence the PCB153-induced brain endothelial toxicity via interaction with the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). To address this hypothesis, TLR4-deficient and wild type control mice were exposed to PCB153 bound to chemically inert silica nanoparticles (PCB153-NPs), PCB153 alone, silica nanoparticles (NPs; diameter, 20 nm), or vehicle.
PLoS One, 2013, 8(5): e63159

Influence of different types of nanomaterials on their bioaccumulation in a paddy microcosm: A comparison of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanotubes

Tue, 18 Jun 2013 14:50:17 GMT

In this study, the authors investigated the environmental fate and bioaccumulation of TiO2 nanomaterials in a simplified paddy microcosm over a period of 17 days. Two types of TiO2 nanomaterials, nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) and nanotubes (TiO2-NT), were synthesized to have a negative surface charge.
Environmental Pollution, 178: 166-172 (July 2013)

Biosafety and Bioapplication of Nanomaterials by Designing Protein - Nanoparticle Interactions

Tue, 18 Jun 2013 14:39:15 GMT

In this review, the current understanding of protein–nanoparticle (protein–NP) interactions is summarized, including the theoretical background, experimental results, and computational progresses. Guidelines for improving bioapplication performance and reducing the potential biosafety hazard of NMs by designing the protein–NP interactions are discussed.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1635-1653

Comparative inhalation toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite nanoplatelets and low surface carbon black

Tue, 18 Jun 2013 14:30:40 GMT

In order to compare the inhalation toxicity of several carbon-based nanomaterials, male Wistar rats were exposed head-nose to atmospheres of the respective materials for 6 hours per day on 5 consecutive days. Toxicity was determined after end of exposure and after three-week recovery using broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and microscopic examinations of the entire respiratory tract.
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2013, 10:23 (35 pp)

Precise Quantification of Nanoparticle Internalization

Tue, 18 Jun 2013 14:12:23 GMT

In this paper, the authors develop a mathematical model which integrates the data from high-throughput flow cytometry measurements with data from quantitative confocal microscopy. The generic method described should be a useful tool in biomedical nanotechnology studies. The method was applied to measure the impact of surface coatings of vesosomes on their internalization by cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES).
ACS Nano, 2013, Article ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/nn400243d

Challenge to assess the toxic contribution of metal cation released from nanomaterials for nanotoxicology – the case of ZnO nanoparticles

Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:57:42 GMT

The identification of physicochemical factors that govern toxic effects of nanomaterials (NMs) is important for the safe design and synthesis of NMs. The release of metal cations from NMs in cell culture medium and the role of the metal cations in cytotoxicity are still under dispute. In this paper, the authors investigate the removal of NMs such as ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by centrifugation, the procedure commonly used for the estimation of released ion concentration in nanotoxicology.
Nanoscale, 2013, 5(11): 4763-4769

Ultraviolet radiation synthesis of water dispersed CdTe/CdS/ZnS core–shell–shell quantum dots with high fluorescence strength and biocompatibility

Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:48:38 GMT

This study explored a simple and fast method utilizing ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to synthesize CdTe/CdS/ZnS quatum dots (QDs) in aqueous solution. The effect of the UV irradiation time, the ratios of thioglycolic acid (TGA)/Cd and TGA/Zn on the shell formation, shell stability, and the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the QDs, was systematically investigated and the study included a determination of toxicity to screen for use of these materials in cell imaging.
Nanotechnology, 2013, 24(20): 205601 (13 pp)

Nanosized copper oxide induces apoptosis through oxidative stress in podocytes

Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:33:11 GMT

The aim of this study was to assess whether nano-CuO can induce the apoptosis of podocytes using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and an apoptotic assay by flow cytometry.
Archives of Toxicology, 87(6): 1067-1073 (June 2013)

Cytotoxicity of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles is shape and cell dependent

Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:24:41 GMT

In order to understand the influence of varying nanosized hydroxyapatite (nHA) particle morphology on inflammation, nHA of four different shapes—needle (nHA-ND), plate (nHA-PL), sphere (nHA-SP) and rod (nHA-RD)—were synthesized. The particle effects with the concentration of 10–300 ìg/mL on cytotoxicity, oxygen species generation, production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-á and IL-6), particle–cell association and cellular uptake were evaluated on BEAS-2B and RAW264.7 cells.
Archives of Toxicology, 87(6): 1037-1052 (June 2013)

Size influences the cytotoxicity of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles

Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:05:14 GMT

The aim of this study was to uncover the size influence of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on their potential cytotoxicity. PLGA and TiO2 nanoparticles of three different sizes were thoroughly characterized before in vitro cytotoxic tests which included viability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial depolarization, integrity of plasma membrane, intracellular calcium influx and cytokine release.
Archives of Toxicology, 87(6): 1075-1086 (June 2013)

Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Approach to Solve Complex Nano EHS Problems by the UC Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology

Mon, 17 Jun 2013 15:12:01 GMT

In this essay, the development of the infrastructure, protocols, and decision-making tools by UC CEIN that are required to effectively integrate complementary scientific disciplines allowing knowledge gathering in a complex study area that goes beyond the traditional safety and risk assessment protocols of the 20th century is outlined.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1428-1443

Synthesis and cellular compatibility of biomineralized Fe3O4 nanoparticles in tumor cells targeting peptides

Mon, 17 Jun 2013 15:01:27 GMT

This paper describes the preparation and characterization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) coated with WSG-peptide via a facile biomineralization technique at room temperature. Cellular compatibility for the WSG-coated Fe3O4 particles by a cell viability assay.
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 107: 180-188 (July 2013)

Silver Nanoparticles Induced RNA Polymerase-Silver Binding and RNA Transcription Inhibition in Erythroid Progenitor Cells

Mon, 17 Jun 2013 14:53:21 GMT

In this study, the authors demonstrate that nanosilver (nAg) exhibited a robust inhibition on RNA polymerase activity and overall RNA transcription through direct Ag binding to RNA polymerase, which is separated from the cytotoxicity pathway induced by Ag ions.
ACS Nano, 2013, 7(5): 4171-4186

Susceptibility of Young and Adult Rats to the Oral Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Mon, 17 Jun 2013 14:46:43 GMT

In this paper, a comparative toxicity study of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in 3-week (youth) and 8-week (adult) old Sprague-Dawley rats is reported following oral exposure at various doses for 30 days. The organ mass and histology, blood biochemistry and redox state, intestinal function, and biodistribution of NPs are characterized.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1742-1752

Uniform magnesium silicate hollow spheres as high drug-loading nanocarriers for cancer therapy with low systemic toxicity

Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:38:33 GMT

For this study, the authors designed and synthesized uniform magnesium silicate hollow spheres as high drug-loading nanocarriers for cancer therapy. In detail, the release property and therapeutic efficacy of DOX-loaded nanoparticles were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.
Dalton Transactions, 2013, 42(24): 8918-8925

Comparative study on effects of two different types of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human neuronal cells

Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:31:21 GMT

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of two types of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), with different crystalline structure, on human SHSY5Y neuronal cells. A battery of assays was performed to evaluate the viability, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage in TiO2 NP-exposed SHSY5Y cells.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 57: 352-361 (July 2013)

Method for toxicity test of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena

Fri, 14 Jun 2013 16:17:33 GMT

This study uses a cell viability kit for routine toxicity test of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as well as other nanoparticles which accumulate in the aquatic environment.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2013, 48(11): 1343-1348

Mapping the Biological Oxidative Damage of Engineered Nanomaterials

Fri, 14 Jun 2013 15:12:41 GMT

In this paper, an assortment of 138 engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) representing major classes are evaluated for biological oxidative damage (BOD) elicited (net decrease in the antioxidant capacity of ENM-exposed human blood serum, as compare to unexposed serum) using the ‘Ferric Reducing Ability of Serum’ (FRAS) assay.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1853-1865

Enhanced toxicity of ‘bulk' titanium dioxide compared to ‘fresh' and ‘aged' nano-TiO2 in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

Fri, 14 Jun 2013 14:57:27 GMT

In this study, marine bivalves (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to titanium dioxide (10 mg L−1) either as engineered nanoparticles (nTiO2; fresh, or aged under simulated sunlight for 7 days) or the bulk equivalent, in part to determine whether photocatalytic ageing of nTiO2 significantly alters toxicity.
Nanotoxicology, 2013, Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.807446

Nano-SAR Development for Bioactivity of Nanoparticles with Considerations of Decision Boundaries

Thu, 13 Jun 2013 14:05:50 GMT

In this paper, the development of classification nano-structure–activity Relationships (nano-SARs) of nanoparticle (NP) bioactivity is presented with the aim of demonstrating the integration of multiparametric toxicity/bioactivity assays to arrive at statistically meaningful class definitions (i.e., bioactivity/inactivity endpoints), as well as the implications of nano-SAR applicability domains and decision boundaries.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1842-1852

Silver Nanoparticle Exposure Attenuates the Viability of Rat Cerebellum Granule Cells through Apoptosis Coupled to Oxidative Stress

Thu, 13 Jun 2013 13:46:51 GMT

In this study, the neurotoxicity of commercial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to rat cerebellum granule cells (CGCs) and the corresponding molecular mechanism are closely investigated.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1831-1841

Short Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Promote Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells via Up-Regulation of the Neurotrophin Signaling Pathway

Thu, 13 Jun 2013 13:38:30 GMT

In this study, the critical roles of the length of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a neuronal-like model cell line PC12 cells are investigated.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1786-1798

Evaluating the Toxicity of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Catfish Cells and Zebrafish Embryos

Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:58:12 GMT

For this study, the toxicity of needle-(nHA-ND) and rod-shaped (nHA-RD) hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles is evaluated in vitro on catfish B-cells (3B11) and catfish T-cells (28s.3) and in vivo on zebrafish embryos to determine if biological effects are similar to the effects seen in mammalian in vitro systems.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1734-1741

Short and Long Term, In Vitro and In Vivo Correlations of Cellular and Tissue Responses to Mesoporous Silicon Nanovectors

Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:52:01 GMT

For this paper, the toxicities accompanying mesoporous silicon nanovectors are evaluated using established in vitro and in vivo analogous techniques aiming to provide corresponding information on cellular and systemic levels over prolonged periods.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1722-1733

Carbon Nanotubes Enhance Metastatic Growth of Lung Carcinoma via Up-Regulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:41:55 GMT

This study investigates the metastatic establishment and growth of Lewis lung carcinoma by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in C57BL6/J mice and also the effect of increased local and systemic accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), as their depletion abrogated pro-tumor activity in vivo.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1691-1695

Understanding the Particokinetics of Engineered Nanomaterials for Safe and Effective Therapeutic Applications

Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:23:55 GMT

In this paper, the concept of “particokinetics” is introduced to address the dynamic biological behavior of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) at the molecular level,Several mathematical modeling methods are introduced which guide a quantitative description of their biological behavior at different levels. Examples are also provided to delineate the impact of the physicochemical properties of ENMs on their particokinetics. cellular level, and whole-organism level.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1619-1634

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Induced by Engineered Nanomaterials

Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:16:23 GMT

In this review, the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) physicochemical properties are linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. An understanding of the mechanisms of ENM–NLRP3 inflammasome interactions will provide us with strategies for safer nanomaterial design and therapy.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1595-1607

Interfacing Engineered Nanoparticles with Biological Systems: Anticipating Adverse Nano–Bio Interactions

Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:09:35 GMT

This review highlights recent progress concerning the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems and following adverse effects. Despite the need for standard protocols for assessing the toxicity and bio-performance of each new functional nanomaterial, these are still scarce or currently under development.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1573-1584

Applications and Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Wed, 12 Jun 2013 16:00:34 GMT

In this review, the updated research on the biomedical applications and potential toxicity of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles is summarized. Much more effort is required to develop magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with improved biocompatible surface engineering to achieve minimal toxicity, for various applications in biomedicine.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1533-1545

Toxicity of CuO nanoparticles and Cu ions to tight epithelial cells from Xenopus laevis (A6): Effects on proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell death

Wed, 12 Jun 2013 15:53:29 GMT

In this study, a cultured epithelial cell line from Xenopus laevis (A6) was used to investigate toxicity of copper (Cu) in 3 different forms; Cu ions (Cu2+), CuO NPs (6 nm) and poly-dispersed CuO NPs (100 nm, poly-CuO).
Toxicology in Vitro, 27(5): 1596-1601 (August 2013)

Exosomes are endogenous nanoparticles that can deliver biological information between cells

Wed, 12 Jun 2013 15:41:28 GMT

This review focuses on exosomes as a biological nanoparticle drug carrier with emphasis on their immune-regulatory activities. Based on the perceived advantages of exosomes, they may well serve as a next generation drug delivery mechanism that combines nanoparticle size with a non-cytotoxic effect, target specificity, and a high drug carrying capacity
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 65(3): 342-347 (March 2013)

Formulation and cytotoxicity evaluation of new self-emulsifying multiple W/O/W nanoemulsions

Mon, 10 Jun 2013 17:07:07 GMT

In this paper, three multiple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) nanoemulsions are designed for potential inclusion of either lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs using a two-step emulsification process exclusively based on low-energy self-emulsification. Cytotoxicity was found for formulations including Labrasol and Cremophor EL.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2013, 8: 611-625

Gold nanoparticles induce transcriptional activity of NF-kB in a B-lymphocyte cell line

Mon, 10 Jun 2013 16:53:05 GMT

The main aim of this study was to mechanistically determine the functional impact of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on B-lymphocytes. TEM imaging was used to determine how Au-NPs) can pass through the cellular membrane and therefore how they might interact with intracellular components of the NF-kB signaling pathway.
Nanoscale, 2013, 5(9): 3747-3756

Occupational safety and health, green chemistry, and sustainability: a review of areas of convergence

Mon, 10 Jun 2013 16:43:12 GMT

In this paper the authors comment on the natural convergence of green chemistry/sustainability and occupational safety and health efforts. Examples of potential hazards are presented in case studies with suggested solutions such as implementing the hierarchy of controls and prevention through design principles in green chemistry and green building practices.
Environmental Health, 2013, 12:31 (9 pp)

Biodistribution and toxicity of pegylated single wall carbon nanotubes in pregnant mice

Mon, 10 Jun 2013 14:20:27 GMT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of single wall carbon nanotubes functionalized with polyethylene glycol chains (PEG-SWCNTs) for their use as biomedical carriers in pregnancy.
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2013, 10:21 (13 pp)

Cellular uptake and localization of inhaled gold nanoparticles in lungs of mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Mon, 10 Jun 2013 14:10:03 GMT

For this study, the authors used Scnn1b-transgenic (Tg) mice as a model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compared uptake and localization of inhaled gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in surface macrophages and lung tissue to wild-type (Wt) mice.
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2013, 10:19 (10 pp)

Three human cell types respond to multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide nanobelts with cell-specific transcriptomic and proteomic expression patterns

Mon, 10 Jun 2013 13:57:20 GMT

For this study, global transcriptome and proteome analyses were conducted on three human cell types, exposed to two high aspect ratio nanoparticle (NP) types, to identify patterns of expression that might indicate high versus low NP toxicity. Three cell types representing the most common routes of human exposure to NPs, including macrophage-like (THP-1), small airway epithelial and intestinal (Caco-2/HT29-MTX) cells, were exposed to TiO2 nanobelts and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT).
Nanotoxicology, 2013, Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.803624

Effect of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles on Floating Lipid Bilayers

Mon, 10 Jun 2013 13:31:30 GMT

In this study, the interaction of model lipid membranes with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) of different surface modifications is investigated. Neutron reflectometry experiments on zwitterionic lipid double bilayers were performed in the presence of AuNP functionalized with cationic and anionic head groups. Structural information was obtained that provided insight into the fate of the AuNPs with regard to the integrity of the model cell membranes.
Langmuir, 2013, 29(22); 6606-6614

Real-time single airborne nanoparticle detection with nanomechanical resonant filter-fiber

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 19:34:36 GMT

In this work the authors present an efficient inertial sampling technique and gravimetric detection of airborne nanoparticles with a nanomechanical resonant filter-fiber. The presented method is suitable for environmental or security applications where low-cost and portable monitors are demanded.
Scientific Reports, 2013, 3:1288 (5pp)

Interactions of Engineered Nanoparticles with Organs Protected by Internal Biological Barriers

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 19:03:05 GMT

In this review, the available evidence, based on in vivo studies for interactions of commercially relevant nanoparticles with critical internal barriers is discussed. The internal barriers in focus in this review are the blood–brain barrier, protecting the brain, the blood–testis barrier, protecting the male germ line, and the placenta, protecting the developing fetus.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1557-1572

Biocompatible nanostructured magnesium oxide-chitosan platform for genosensing application

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 17:11:01 GMT

This paper describes the preparation and characterization of a novel organic–inorganic platform comprising of chitosan (CH) modified nanostructured magnesium oxide (nanoMgO) which was electrophoretically deposited on the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate. The cytotoxicity assay of nanoMgO particles was also examined using human intestinal cell line (INT 407).
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 45: 181-188 (July 2013)

Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticle suspensions on food-borne pathogens

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 16:58:42 GMT

This study investigated the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) when tested against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli as well as the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
International Journal of Dairy Technology, 66(2): 291-295 (May 2013)

A new technique for reversible permeabilization of live cells for intracellular delivery of quantum dots

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 16:50:40 GMT

In this study, the authors demonstrate a new technique for reversible permeabilization of cells to enable the introduction of freely dispersed quantum dots (QDs) within the cytoplasm.
Nanotechnology, 2013, 24(20): 205101 (14 pp)

The noncellular reduction of MTT tetrazolium salt by TiO2 nanoparticles and its implications for cytotoxicity assays

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 16:41:55 GMT

In this study, the authors report results of noncellular tests, revealing the occurrence of photocatalytic interactions between titanium dioxide (TiO2, titania) nanoparticles and the MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide] cytotoxicity indicator.
Toxicology in Vitro, 27(5): 1445-1450 (August 2013)

Cadmium-Based Quantum Dot Induced Autophagy Formation for Cell Survival via Oxidative Stress

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 16:34:30 GMT

In this study, the authors elucidate the cytotoxic mechanisms of quantum dots (QDs) using a mouse renal adenocarcinoma (RAG) cell line.
Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2013, 26(5): 662-673

Preparation of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles in the template of silk-fibroin peptide and their neuro-cytocompability in PC12 cells

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 15:14:34 GMT

This paper describes the preparation and characterization, including neuro-cytocompatibility, of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with monocrystal structure in the template of silk-fibroin (SF) peptide at room temperature.
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 107: 19-26 (July 2013)

For nanotechnology decisions, use decision analysis

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 15:06:31 GMT

In this paper, the authors discuss how the use of decision analytical methods such as Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and value of information analysis can help to fill existing gaps in nanomaterial risk management to make the best use of all available qualitative and quantitative information and prioritize future research based on expected decision relevance.
Nanotoday, 2013, 8(1): 5-10

Nanotechnology: Rhetoric, risk and regulation

Thu, 06 Jun 2013 14:03:12 GMT

This article asks how we can best approach nanotechnology regulation and aims to separate out the risk rhetoric from the regulatory realities. It argues that any discussion of nanotechnology regulation requires us to traverse three fundamentally distinct languages: the language of ‘nanotechnology’ as a public policy phenomenon; the language of ‘nanotechnologies’ as a set of multiple scientific frontiers; and the language of regulation.
Science and Public Policy, 2013, Advance Access, DOI: 10.1093/scipol/sct029

Internalization Pathways of Anisotropic Disc-Shaped Zeolite L Nanocrystals with Different Surface Properties in HeLa Cancer Cells

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 17:02:13 GMT

In this study, the uptake and intracellular delivery of disc-shaped zeolite L nanocrystals as porous aminosilicates with well-defined crystal structure, uncoated as well as with COOH-, NH2-, polyethyleneglycol (PEG)- and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) surface coatings are reported using HeLa cells as a model system. Interactions are studied in terms of their fates under diverse in vitro cell culture conditions.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1809-1820

Multifunctional effects of Cys–CdTe QDs conjugated with gambogic acid for cancer cell tracing and inhibition

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 16:46:59 GMT

For this study, the authors have investigated the multifunctional effects of cysteamine-coated cadmium–tellurium quantum dots (Cys–CdTe QDs) conjugated with gambogic acid (GA) for cancer cell labeling and cancer treatment.
RSC Advances, 2013, 3(18): 6518-6525

Differential hERG ion channel activity of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 16:31:58 GMT

In this study, the toxicity of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are investigated using 1.4-nm-diameter phosphine- and thiol-stabilized AuNPs in a electrophysiology-based safety test using human embryonic kidney cell line 293 cells expressing human ether-á-go-go-Related gene (hERG), which is a Food and Drug Administration-established drug safety test.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(20): 8004-8009 (May 2013)

Biodegradation of Iron Oxide Nanocubes: High-Resolution In Situ Monitoring

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 15:05:16 GMT

For this study, structural degradation of individual iron oxide nanocubes with two different surface coatings (amphiphilic polymer shell and polyethylene glycol ligand molecules) was monitored at the atomic scale with aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. This in situ study of single nanocube degradation was compared to intracellular transformations observed in mice over 14 days after intravenous injection.
ACS Nano, 2013, 7(5): 3939-3952

Glyconanoparticle Aided Detection of beta-Amyloid by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Attenuation of beta-Amyloid Induced Cytotoxicity

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 14:52:59 GMT

In this study, the authors report a biomimetic approach using superparamagnetic iron oxide glyconanoparticles to detect beta-amyloid, including a determination of the toxicity of the glyconanoparticles to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that also greatly reduced beta-amyloid induced cytotoxicity to cells.
ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 2013, 4(4): 575-584

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Promote the Aggregation of Concanavalin A

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 14:42:09 GMT

For this study, the interactions of concanavalin A (Con A) with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were investigated by using fluorescence, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and dynamic light scattering techniques to better understand how nanoparticles might influence protein folding and aggregation.
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 19(2): 135-146 (June 2013)

Emerging In Vitro Models for Safety Screening of High-Volume Production Nanomaterials under Environmentally Relevant Exposure Conditions

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 14:29:07 GMT

This review aims to discuss the strength of in vitro testing, including the use of 2D and 3D cultures, stem cells, and tissue constructs, etc., which would give fast and repeatable answers of a highly specific nature, while remaining relevant to in vivo outcomes. The cyto- and phototoxicity of some high-volume production nanomaterials, using in vitro models, is also reviewed.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1504-1520

Interactions of silica nanoparticles with lung epithelial cells and the association to flotillins

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 14:20:28 GMT

For this study, the authors examined the cytotoxicity (MTS, LDH) and inflammatory responses (IL-8) for different-sized amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSNPs) on our lung epithelial cells line NCI H441 and endothelial cell line ISO-HAS-1.
Archives of Toxicology, 87(6): 1053-1065 (June 2013)

Cellular uptake mechanism and intracellular fate of hydrophobically modified pullulan nanoparticles

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 14:11:33 GMT

For this study, the cellular uptake mechanism and intracellular fate of self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) of cholesterol-modified pullulan (CHSP) by human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were investigated.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2013, 8: 1825-1834

The prospective protective effect of selenium nanoparticles against chromium-induced oxidative and cellular damage in rat thyroid

Wed, 05 Jun 2013 13:54:24 GMT

The objective of this study was to determine the protective ability of selenium nanoparticles against hexavalent chromium-induced thyrotoxicity. Twenty male rats were used in the study and the biochemical results were confirmed by histopathological, immunohistochemical and pathomorphological studies.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2013, 8: 1713-1720

Green synthesis of graphene and its cytotoxic effects in human breast cancer cells

Tue, 04 Jun 2013 16:40:56 GMT

This paper describes an environmentally friendly (“green”) approach for the synthesis of soluble graphene using Bacillus marisflavi biomass as a reducing and stabilizing agent under mild conditions in aqueous solution. In addition, the study reported here investigated the cytotoxicity effects of graphene oxide (GO) and bacterially reduced graphene oxide (B-rGO) on the inhibition of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and membrane integrity in human breast cancer cells.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2013, 8: 1015-1027

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cell Filamentation in Escherichia coli

Tue, 04 Jun 2013 16:32:34 GMT

In this study, the authors investigate the ability for zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to induce morphological transformation of Escherichia coli from its native rod-shape of to filamentous cells.
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 30(4): 375-380 (April 2013)

In Vitro Biocompatibility of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Sensory Neurons

Tue, 04 Jun 2013 16:19:59 GMT

For this study, the in vitro biocompatibility of MWCNTs with postnatal mouse spinal sensory neurons was assessed.
Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2(5): 728-735 (May 2013)

Efficacy of MRI visible iron oxide nanoparticles in delivering minicircle DNA into liver via intrabiliary infusion

Tue, 04 Jun 2013 16:08:56 GMT

In this study, the authors developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visible nanoparticle to monitor Minicircle DNA (MCDNA) gene delivery and explore the potential of gene therapy in vivo. The study also examined the cytotoxicity of the MCDNA nanoparticles
Biomaterials, 34(14): 3688-3696 (May 2013)

Cardiovascular toxicity evaluation of silica nanoparticles in endothelial cells and zebrafish model

Tue, 04 Jun 2013 15:57:47 GMT

For this study, the evaluation of cardiovascular effects of silica nanoparticles was performed in vitro on endothelial cells and in vivo by evaluating mortality, malformation, heart rate and whole-embryo cellular death in zebrafish embryos.
Biomaterials, 34(23): 5853-5862 (July 2013)

Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan-organic Rectorite Intercalated Nanofibrous Mats

Tue, 04 Jun 2013 14:49:43 GMT

For this study, chitosan (CS)-organic rectorite (OREC) composites have been prepared with the method of solution intercalation and electrospun nanofibrous mats have been made from intercalated CS-OREC composites at different mass ratios. The cytotoxicity of these materials was evaluated by MTT assay.
Current Nanoscience, 9(1): 8-13 (February 2013)

Assessing nanoparticle risk poses prodigious challenges

Tue, 04 Jun 2013 14:36:21 GMT

This review introduces the evolving practice of risk assessment followed by some of the uncertainties that need to be addressed to improve our understanding of nanoparticle risks. Given the clarion call for life-cycle assessments of nanoparticles, an unprecedented degree of national and international coordination between scientific organizations, regulatory agencies, and stakeholders will be required to achieve this goal.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 2013, Early View, DOI:10.1002/wnan.1216

Nanotoxicology using the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis: from developmental toxicity to genotoxicology

Tue, 04 Jun 2013 14:25:10 GMT

In this study, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) is presented as a novel model organism to profile bio/non-bio interactions and to show a comprehensive toxicological analysis performed on embryos, larvae and adults treated with fluorescent cadmium-based nanocrystals.
Nanotoxicology, 2013, Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.802386

Study of environmental risks incurred by leakage of lithium cells to the food chain in a freshwater ecosystem

Mon, 03 Jun 2013 16:54:19 GMT

For this study, water flea (Daphnia magna) and fish (Carassius auratus) at trophic level were used for comprehensive evaluation of environmental risks incurred by manufactured nanomaterial (nNi(OH)2) as leaked from lithium cells to the food chain in freshwater ecosystem.
Water Science & Technology, 2013, 67(7): 1599-1604

Serum albumin enhances the membrane activity of ZnO nanoparticles

Mon, 03 Jun 2013 16:44:55 GMT

For this study, the authors investigate the effect of serum albumin on the interaction of ZnO nanoparticles with DOPC lipid membranes and show that the size-stabilizing effect of the protein corona enhances their interaction with lipid membranes.
Chemical Communications, 2013, 49(39): 4172-4174

Characterization and Preliminary Toxicity Assay of Nano-Titanium Dioxide Additive in Sugar-Coated Chewing Gum

Mon, 03 Jun 2013 16:36:54 GMT

In this study, a facile and highly reliable separation method of TiO2 particles from food products (focusing on sugar-coated chewing gum) is reported, and the first comprehensive characterization study on food nanoparticles by multiple qualitative and quantitative methods is provided.
Small, 2013, 9(9-10): 1765-1774

Physicochemical, Cytotoxic, and Dermal Release Features of a Novel Cationic Liposome Nanocarrier

Mon, 03 Jun 2013 16:27:09 GMT

In this study, a novel cationic liposome nanocarrier, having interesting performance in topical drug delivery, is presented and evaluated for its features. Two penetration enhancers, namely monoolein and lauroylcholine chloride, are combined to rapidly formulate a cationic liposome nanostructure endowed of excellent stability (>6 months) and skin penetration ability, along with low short-term cytotoxicity, as evaluated via the MTT test.
Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2(5): 692-701 (May 2013)

Field-Flow Fractionation Supporting Consumer Safety Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticle Applications in Food Packaging Polymers

Mon, 03 Jun 2013 16:16:13 GMT

This article examines the various forms and applications of field-flow fractionation (FFF) separation, with particular reference to the use of silver nanoparticles in food packaging. Field-flow fractionation (FFF) presents a powerful method of separation and fractionation ideal for the separation of various nano- and macro-sized sample types.
American Laboratory, 2013, 45(4): 9-12

Cytotoxicity of surface-functionalized silicon and germanium nanoparticles: the dominant role of surface charges

Mon, 03 Jun 2013 15:22:16 GMT

For this study, a comparative cytotoxicity study, quantifying nine different cellular endpoints, was performed with a broad series of monodisperse, well characterized silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) nanoparticles (NPs) with various surface functionalizations. Human colonic adenocarcinoma Caco-2 and rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 cells were used to clarify the toxicity of this series of NPs.
Nanoscale, 2013, 5(11): 4870-4883

Effects of Water Chemistry on Aggregation and Soil Adsorption of Silver Nanoparticles

Mon, 03 Jun 2013 15:12:56 GMT

In this study, the authors investigated the influence of ionic strength and natural organic matter (NOM) on aggregation and soil adsorption of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)using time-resolved dynamic light scattering measurements and batch adsorption experiments .
Environmental Health and Toxicology, 2013, 28:e2013006 (7 pp)

Safety assessment of nanoparamagnetic contrast agents with different coatings for molecular MRI

Mon, 03 Jun 2013 14:54:54 GMT

For the toxicity evaluation sought in this study, the authors compared the viability of commercial contrast agents in MRI (Gd-DTPA) and three nanoparticles with the same core Gd2O3 and small particulate gadolinium oxide or SPGO (< 40 nm) but different coatings of diethyleneglycol (DEG) as Gd2O3-DEG and methoxy polyethylene glycol-silane (mPEG-silane: 550 and 2000 Dalton) as SPGO-mPEG-silane550 and SPGO-mPEG-silane2000, respectively, in the SK-MEL3 cell line, by light microscopy, MTT assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, and the LDH assay detecting lactate dehydrogenase activity.
Materials Science - Poland, 31(2): 158-164 (April 2013)

Improved Transport and Absorption through Gastrointestinal Tract by PEGylated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Fri, 31 May 2013 14:43:16 GMT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticle (pSLN) as mucus penetrating particles (MPP) for oral delivery across gastrointestinal mucus. Surface properties, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and transport across Caco-2/HT29 coculture cell monolayers, intestinal absorption, and pharmacokinetics of pSLN were studied compared with that of SLN.
Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2013, 10(5): 1865-1873

Acute Toxicity of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles in Intravenously Exposed ICR Mice

Fri, 31 May 2013 14:35:43 GMT

This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of intravenously administrated amorphous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) in mice. The acute toxicity was evaluated at 14 d after intravenous injection of SNPs at 29.5, 103.5 and 177.5 mg/kg in mice.
PLoS One, 2013, 8(4): e61346

Quantification of the Uptake of Silver Nanoparticles and Ions to HepG2 Cells

Fri, 31 May 2013 14:24:47 GMT

In this study, a new developed analytical method, based on Triton-X 114 cloud point extraction (CPE), was applied to quantify the uptake of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to the HepG2 cells.
Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(7): 3268-3274

Uptake of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Influences on Functions of A549 Cells

Thu, 30 May 2013 18:12:04 GMT

In this study, the interactions between two commercial CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and human bronchoalveolar carcinoma-derived A549 cells were investigated to provide a fast and in-depth understanding of the biological influences of the NPs.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13(1): 204-215 (January 2013)

Comparative Bio-Effects of SiO2/Gd2O3 Nanoparticles Depending on Their Core-Shell Structures

Thu, 30 May 2013 18:01:45 GMT

In this study, Gd2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized via the polyol route and coated with silicon to form particles with different sizes. These nanoparticles were investigated with regard to their DNA damaging effects.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13(2): 1270-1273 (February 2013)

Preparation of Doxorubicin-Hydrochloride Nanoliposomes by Ethanol Injection-pH Gradient Method and Their Safety Evaluation

Thu, 30 May 2013 17:03:08 GMT

A new type of ethanol injection-pH gradient method was established to produce Doxorubicin-Hydrochloride Nanoliposome (DHNP). The acute toxicity and chronic toxicity trials were conducted in Kuming mice with different doses of DHNP.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13(1): 216-221 (January 2013)

Toxicity and therapy of cisplatin-loaded EGF modified mPEG-PLGA-PLL nanoparticles for SKOV3 cancer in mice

Thu, 30 May 2013 16:51:48 GMT

In this study, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) modified methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylactic-co-glycolic acid-polylysine (mPEG-PLGA-PLL) encapsulated cisplatin (CDDP) nanoparticles (CDDP-NPs-EGF) were prepared and characterized as part of an effort for solving the toxicity of CDDP and improving therapeutic efficiency.
Biomaterials, 34(16): 4068-4077 (May 2013)

Preparation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo investigation of chitosan-coated poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for intestinal delivery of exendin-4

Thu, 30 May 2013 16:43:20 GMT

In this study, the potential use of chitosan-coated poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (CS-PLGA) nanoparticles was investigated for intestinal delivery of exendin-4. The physical properties, particle size, and cell toxicity of the nanoparticles were examined and the cellular uptake mechanism and transmembrane permeability were performed in Madin-Darby canine kidney-cell monolayers.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2013, 8: 1141-1154

Mitochondrial injury induced by nanosized titanium dioxide in A549 cells and rats

Thu, 30 May 2013 16:31:42 GMT

In this study, cytotoxicity of an anatase nano-TiO2 was investigated in a dosage-dependent manner, and changes of A549 cell ultrastructure, A549 cell viability and intracellular ATP level were observed.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 36(1): 66-72 (July 2013)

Biosynthesis, characterization and cytotoxic effect of plant mediated silver nanoparticles using Morinda citrifolia root extract

Thu, 30 May 2013 16:23:32 GMT

This study aims at an environmental friendly method of synthesizing silver nanoparticles, from the root of Morinda citrifolia; without involving chemical agents associated with environmental toxicity. In addition these biologically synthesized nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxic effect on HeLa cell.
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 106: 74-78 (June 2013)

“Nanogold detoxifying machine” to remove idle nanogold particles from blood stream of cancer patients treated with antibody-nanogold therapeutics

Thu, 30 May 2013 15:30:18 GMT

In this paper, the authors proposes a hypothesis that would help to elevate safety in nanogold-therapy of some cancers. The hypothesis makes some experimental recommendations for future research at the interface of nanotechnology and biological systems. It is about reducing toxicity and side effects of nanogold particles (NGPs) in cancer patients treated with antibody-nanogold therapeutics.
Medical Hypotheses, 80(5): 601-605 (May 2013)

Immunomodulation and T Helper TH1/TH2 Response Polarization by CeO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticles

Thu, 30 May 2013 15:23:54 GMT

This study investigates an in vitro model of human immunity, by observing the effects of two catalytic nanoparticles, TiO2 (oxidant) and CeO2 (antioxidant) on human dendritic cells and T helper (TH) cells.
PLoS One, 2013, 8(4): e62816

Cytotoxicity of quantum dots and graphene oxide to erythroid cells and macrophages

Thu, 30 May 2013 15:16:30 GMT

In this study, the biological influence of quantum dots (QDs) with various surface coating on erythroid cells and graphene oxide (GO) on macrophages was closely investigated.
Nanoscale Research Letters, 2013, 8:198 (9 pp)

Differential internalization of amphotericin B – Conjugated nanoparticles in human cells and the expression of heat shock protein 70

Wed, 29 May 2013 16:33:16 GMT

In this study, the authors show that human endothelial cells take up high amounts of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) conjugated with amphotericin B (AmB) (SNP-AmB) through macropinocytosis while human fibroblasts internalize relatively low amounts because of their low capacity for macropinocytosis.
Biomaterials, 34(21): 5281-5293 (July 2013)

Effect of the size and surface charge of silica nanoparticles on cutaneous toxicity

Wed, 29 May 2013 16:25:37 GMT

In this study, the two different sizes (20 nm and 100 nm) and different charges (negatively charged [NC] and weakly negatively charged [WNC]) of silica nanoparticles (NPs) were used to study the cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of silica NPs on keratinocytes. The phototoxicity test of silica NPs was performed on skin fibroblast cells. In addition, skin irritation and skin sensitization of silica NPs were studied on HSEM and mouse skin, respectively.
Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, 9(1): 67-74 (March 2013)

New insight into artifactual phenomena during in vitro toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles: Study of TNF-alpha adsorption on alumina oxide nanoparticle

Wed, 29 May 2013 16:15:15 GMT

For this study, the authors investigated well-characterized boehmite engineered nanoparicles [aluminum oxide hydroxide, AlO(OH)]. The rate of TNF-alpha degradation and its adsorption (on boehmite and on the walls of wells) were determined in cell-free conditions by adding a known TNF-alpha concentration under various experimental conditions. The study was undertaken to avoid possible underestimation of cytokine release after contact between NP and cells.
Toxicology in Vitro, 27(3): 1049-1056 (April 2013)

The architecture and biological performance of drug-loaded LbL nanoparticles

Wed, 29 May 2013 16:01:14 GMT

This paper advances the development of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) nanoparticle systems by establishing them as drug carriers, with the means to control drug release in a systemic environment and retard particle clearance from circulation, promoting improved biodistribution of the drug-containing system.
Biomaterials, 34(21): 5328-5335 (July 2013)

Mechanism of Cell Interactions with Water-Dispersed Carbon Nanohorns

Wed, 29 May 2013 14:56:15 GMT

This study investigates the interaction of water-dispersed nanocarbon materials with mammalian cells and shows a possible mechanism of cell interaction with single-walled carbon nanohorns (CNHs).
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters, 5(3): 402-407 (March 2013)

Surface functionalization affects the zeta potential, coronal stability and membranolytic activity of polymeric nanoparticles

Wed, 29 May 2013 14:43:37 GMT

For this study, the authors synthesized eight types of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) bearing different functional groups, and investigated their effects on interactions with cellular membranes. As models for particle membrane interactions, hemolysis assays using human red blood cells and culture with A549 cells were utilized.
Nanotoxicology, 2013, Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.773465

Neoplastic-like transformation effect of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes compared to asbestos on human lung small airway epithelial cells

Wed, 29 May 2013 14:36:32 GMT

For this study, the authors studied the ability of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to induce neoplastic transformation of human lung epithelial cells compared to asbestos.
Nanotoxicology, 2013, Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.801089

Concern-driven integrated approaches to nanomaterial testing and assessment – report of the NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10

Wed, 29 May 2013 14:28:01 GMT

The outcome of NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10, this commentary presents a vision for concern-driven integrated approaches for the (eco-)toxicological testing and assessment (IATA) of nanomaterials (NM).
Nanotoxicology, 2013, Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.802387

Gold-nanobeacons for gene therapy: evaluation of genotoxicity, cell toxicity and proteome profiling analysis

Wed, 29 May 2013 14:16:22 GMT

For this study, the authors constructed an antisense gold-nanobeacon consisting of a stem-looped oligonucleotide double-labelled with 3Œ-Cy3 and 5Œ-Thiol-C6 and tested for the effective blocking of gene expression in colorectal cancer cells. This system was extensively evaluated for the genotoxic, cytotoxic and proteomic effects of gold-nanobeacon exposure to cancer cells.
Nanotoxicology, 2013, Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.802821

Predicting the contribution of nanoparticles (Zn, Ti, Ag) to the annual metal load in the Dutch reaches of the Rhine and Meuse

Tue, 28 May 2013 16:58:33 GMT

This article describes a technique for estimating nanoparticles by calculating the potential releases of nano-forms of zinc, titanium and silver, the three metals that are widely used for nano-enhanced products, and comparing them to the total loads, based on measurements of the total concentration. The authors use The Netherlands for our case study.
Science of the Total Environment, 456-457: 154-160 (July 2013)

New Hybrid Material Based on Layered Double Hydroxides and Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxic Effect

Tue, 28 May 2013 16:50:31 GMT

In this work, biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPbio) were associated with Mg-Al LDH to obtain the hybrid material LDH-AgNPbio. The new hybrid material obtained was characterized by several methods and its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was investigated as well as its cytotoxic effect to fibroblast cell (V79).
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 24(2): 266-272 (February 2013)

In vivo behavior of near infrared-emitting quantum dots

Tue, 28 May 2013 16:37:05 GMT

For this study, the authors investigate short- and long-term in vivo biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of the near-infrared (NIR)-emitting quantum dots (QDs) in mice.
Biomaterials, 34(17): 4302-4308 (June 2013)

Determination of a Threshold Dose to Reduce or Eliminate CdTe-Induced Toxicity in L929 Cells by Controlling the Exposure Dose

Tue, 28 May 2013 16:25:37 GMT

In this study, the authors aimed to determine the threshold dose which reduced or eliminated CdTe-induced toxicity in L929 cells by controlling the exposure dose. They established a cellular model of acute exposure to CdTe quantum dots (QDs).
PLoS One, 2013, 8(4): e59359

Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Primary Syrian Hamster Embryo (SHE) Cells

Tue, 28 May 2013 16:16:48 GMT

In this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver-nanoparticles (NPs) on primary Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells were investigated. Cell viability was assessed using a methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and genotoxic potential was evaluated using a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13(1): 161-170 (January 2013)

Biocidal effect of copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles on human oral microbiome and biofilm formation

Fri, 24 May 2013 17:01:10 GMT

For this study, ability of CuO (40 nm) and ZnO (35 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized as part of the study was assessed in vitro for inhibition of culturable oral bacteria and their biofilm formation.
Materials Letters, 97: 67-70 (April 2013)

An in vitro assessment of panel of engineered nanomaterials using a human renal cell line: cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory response, oxidative stress and genotoxicity

Fri, 24 May 2013 16:53:39 GMT

In order to assess the toxicological impact of the engineered nanomaterials (NMs) consisting of two zinc oxide particles, two multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), one silver and five TiO2 NMs were evaluated on human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) and this study used WST-1 cytotoxicity assay, FACSArray, HE oxidation and the comet assays were utilised for the toxicological study.
BMC Nephrology, 2013, 14:96, (12 pp)

In situ synthesized novel biocompatible titania–chitosan nanocomposites with high surface area and antibacterial activity

Fri, 24 May 2013 16:38:02 GMT

A series of titania–chitosan nanocomposites were synthesized using in situ sol–gel method and comprehensibly characterized using conventional techniques. Nanocomposites with higher surface area and high purity were obtained. The characterized samples were analyzed in 1.5 mM simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) and human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line to explore the bioactivity and biocompatibility.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 93(2): 731-739 (April 2013)

Impact of Nano and Bulk ZrO2, TiO2 Particles on Soil Nutrient Contents and PGPR

Fri, 24 May 2013 16:28:26 GMT

This study focused on the ecotoxicological behaviour of bulk and nano ZrO2 (Zirconia) and TiO2 (Titania) particles on PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria), soil and its nutrient contents.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13(1): 678-685 (January 2013)

Nanoparticles and the blood coagulation system. Part I: benefits of nanotechnology

Fri, 24 May 2013 16:14:31 GMT

This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of nanoparticle interactions with plasma coagulation factors, platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes. Part I, which is contained in this issue, is focused on desirable interactions between nanoparticles and the coagulation system, and discusses benefits of using nanotechnology to intervene in coagulation disorders.
Nanomedicine, 2013, 8(5): 773-784

Acicular, but not globular, titanium dioxide nanoparticles stimulate keratinocytes to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines

Fri, 24 May 2013 14:51:13 GMT

For this study, the authors investigated the effects of four types of TiO2 particles on cytokine expression/production by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunoassay. The TiO2 particles included three acicular types, FTL-100, FTL-200 and FTL-300] and one globular type, PT-301. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were cultured with each of the TiO2 particles.
The Journal of Dermotology, 40(5): 357-362 (May 2013)

Are Carbon Nanotubes a Natural Solution? Applications in Biology and Medicine

Fri, 24 May 2013 14:43:37 GMT

In this report, the authors systematically highlight some of the most promising biomedical application areas of carbon nanotubes and review the interaction of carbon nanotubes with cultured cells and living organisms with a particular focus on in vivo biodistribution and potential adverse health effects.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013, 5(6): 1870-1891

From Cradle-to-Grave at the Nanoscale: Gaps in U.S. Regulatory Oversight along the Nanomaterial Life Cycle

Fri, 24 May 2013 14:15:33 GMT

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) promise great benefits for society, yet our knowledge of potential risks and best practices for regulation are still in their infancy. Toward the end of better practices, this paper analyzes U.S. federal environmental, health, and safety (EHS) regulations using a life cycle framework. It evaluates their adequacy as applied to ENMs to identify gaps through which emerging nanomaterials may escape regulation from initial production to end-of-life.
Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, Artcles ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/es303591x

The cytotoxicity evaluation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on human aortic endothelial cells

Thu, 23 May 2013 18:33:38 GMT

In this study, the authors evaluated the cytotoxicity effect of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated iron oxide (DMSA-Fe2O3) using cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs).
Nanoscale Research Letters, 2013, 8:215 (10 pp)

Acute Toxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles to Ceriodaphnia dubia under Visible Light and Dark Conditions in a Freshwater System

Thu, 23 May 2013 18:22:18 GMT

This study focuses on the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) towards Ceriodaphnia dubia (a dominant daphnid isolated from the freshwater) under two different conditions; (1) light and dark photoperiod (16:8 h) and (2) continuous dark conditions, for a period of 48 h.
PLoS One, 2013, 8(4): e62970

Cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded reduction-sensitive micelles

Thu, 23 May 2013 18:08:01 GMT

This study describes the preparation of reduction-sensitive micelles from monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-S-S-hexadecyl (mPEG-S-S-C16), an amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) derivative containing a disulfide bond. The micelles were then used for the intracellular delivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) into tumor cells, and the cellular uptake mechanisms of the micelles were determined as well as their cytoxicity the human cervical cancer cells (HeLa)by MTT assay.
Biomaterials, 34(15): 3858-3869 (May 2013)

Design and physicochemical characterization of poly(amidoamine) nanoparticles and the toxicological evaluation in human endothelial cells: applications to peptide delivery to the brain

Thu, 23 May 2013 17:04:30 GMT

In this study, the authors investigated nanoparticles formulated by self-assembly of a biodegradable poly(amidoamine) (PAA) and a fluorescently labeled peptide, in their capacity to internalize in endothelial cells and deliver the peptide. The nanoparticles were applied on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Huvec) cells and cell-internalization and cytotoxicity experiments were conducted.
Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2013, 24(8): 957-971

Molecular characterization of toxicity mechanism of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Thu, 23 May 2013 16:51:09 GMT

For this study, the potential impact of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a toxicological animal model. SWCNTs are extremely hydrophobic to form large agglomerates in aqueous solutions. Highly soluble amide-modified SWCNTs (a-SWCNTs) were therefore used in the study so that the exact impact of SWCNTs could be studied.
Biomaterials, 34(22): 5661-5669 (July 2013)

Preparation and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Polyurethane Filled with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Thu, 23 May 2013 16:39:38 GMT

In this work, a kind of composite composed of polyurethane and multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been developed using a customized sol-gel technique. The cytotoxicity of the composite was evaluated by examining viability of the endothelium cells seeded on the composite or cultured with composite extraction using MTS assay and Environmental Scanning Electronic Microscope. Tissue compatibility was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation of the composite film in the paraspinal skin incision of rat.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13(2): 1467-1471 (February 2013)

UV-Enhanced Cytotoxicity of CdTe Quantum Dots in PANC-1 Cells Depend on Their Size Distribution and Surface Modification

Thu, 23 May 2013 16:32:59 GMT

In this study, different sized CdTe quantum dots (QDs) coated with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were employed to investigate the influences of size distribution and surface modification on their UV-enhanced cytotoxicity and mechanism.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13(2): 751-754 (February 2013)

Physicochemical Properties of Protein-Coated Gold Nanoparticles in Biological Fluids and Cells before and after Proteolytic Digestion

Wed, 22 May 2013 18:13:35 GMT

Little is known about the fate of nanoparticles (NPs) after their internalization by cells and organisms. In this Communication, protein-coated gold NPs were used to study the physicochemical properties of NPs in extra- and intracellular fluids.
Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 52(15): 4179-4183 (April 2013)

High Quality CdHgTe Nanocrystals with Strong Near-Infrared Emission: Relationship between Composition and Cytotoxic Effects

Wed, 22 May 2013 18:03:43 GMT

This paper describes the preparation and characterization of high quality CdHgTe quasi core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) via the one-step method. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of CdHgTe NCs were systematically studied.
Langmuir, 2013, 29(12); 4119-4127

Graphene: Safe or Toxic? The Two Faces of the Medal

Wed, 22 May 2013 17:03:16 GMT

This Minireview critically discusses the recent studies on the toxicity of graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) to provide some perspective on the possible risks to their future development in materials and biomedical sciences.
Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 52(19): 4986-4997 (May 2013)

Role of surface charge in bioavailability and biodistribution of tri-block copolymer nanoparticles in rats after oral exposure

Wed, 22 May 2013 16:45:08 GMT

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of surface charge on bioavailability and biodistribution of tri-block copolymer nanoparticles (TCNP) after oral exposure in vivo to inbred Fischer 344 rats and to compare with the in vitro data.
Toxicology Research, 2013, 2(3):187-192

In situ synthesis and antibacterial activity of copper nanoparticle loaded natural montmorillonite clay based on contact inhibition and ion release

Wed, 22 May 2013 16:33:03 GMT

This study describes the synthesis and characterization of a copper nanoparticle based clay composite by in situ reduction of a copper ammonium complex ion. Cytotoxicity measurements for these nanoparticles were also determined on two human cell lines.
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 108: 358-365 (August 2013)

A detailed study of gold-nanoparticle loaded cells using X-ray based techniques for cell-tracking applications with single-cell sensitivity

Wed, 22 May 2013 16:21:24 GMT

In this study, complementary high-resolution imaging techniques on different length scales are applied to elucidate a cellular loading protocol of gold nanoparticles and subsequently its impact on long term and high-resolution cell-tracking utilizing X-ray technology.
Nanoscale, 2013, 5(8): 3337-3345

Cytotoxic Evaluation of the Hierarchical Web of Carbon Micronanofibers

Wed, 22 May 2013 16:12:43 GMT

In this study, in vitro cytotoxic evaluation was carried out for a hierarchical web of carbon micronanofibers applied as an adsorbent and a support for metal catalysts for several environmental and biological applications. The cytotoxicity of the prepared ACF/CNF was ascertained with respect to human lymphocytes using MTT assays and fluorescence microscopy analysis.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 52(12): 4672-4682 (March 2013)

Toward the Development of Decision Supporting Tools That Can Be Used for Safe Production and Use of Nanomaterials

Tue, 21 May 2013 16:55:35 GMT

Based on the increasing numbers of nanotoxicology publications and funding programs, this Account reviews the decision support approaches that already exist to safely implement engineered nanomaterials during an early phase of innovation.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 863-872

Fate and Risks of Nanomaterials in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

Tue, 21 May 2013 16:47:54 GMT

Researchers have used laboratory experiments to begin to understand the effects of nanoparticles on waters and soils, and this Account reviews that research and the translation of those results to natural conditions.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 854-862

Searching for Global Descriptors of Engineered Nanomaterial Fate and Transport in the Environment

Tue, 21 May 2013 16:36:05 GMT

This Account outlines how experimental research can yield quantitative data for use in engineered nanomaterial (ENM) fate and exposure models. The authors first review experimental testing approaches that are employed with ENMs and then compare and contrast ENMs against other pollutants. Finally, they summarize the findings and identify research needs that may yield global descriptors for ENMs that are suitable for use in fate and transport modeling.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 844-853

Nanotechnology for a Safe and Sustainable Water Supply: Enabling Integrated Water Treatment and Reuse

Tue, 21 May 2013 16:26:48 GMT

This Account reviews promising nanotechnology-enabled water treatment processes and provides a broad view on how they could transform our water supply and wastewater treatment systems. The development of nanotechnology must go hand in hand with environmental health and safety research to alleviate unintended consequences and contribute toward sustainable water management.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 834-843

Mapping the Dawn of Nanoecotoxicological Research

Tue, 21 May 2013 16:18:26 GMT

In this Account, the authors review the initial accomplishments of nanoecotoxicology and provide a snapshot of the publicly available scientific information regarding the ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles. They pay special attention to information relevant to aquatic freshwater species commonly used for risk assessment and regulation.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 823-833

Ecological Nanotoxicology: Integrating Nanomaterial Hazard Considerations Across the Subcellular, Population, Community, and Ecosystems Levels

Tue, 21 May 2013 16:08:43 GMT

In this Account, the authors describe an approach to ecological nanotechnology that uses high throughput/content screening (HTS/HCS) with cells or environmentally-relevant organisms to measure the effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) on a subcellular or population level. They then relate those effects to mechanisms within dynamic energy budget (DEB) models of growth and reproduction.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 813-822

In Silico Analysis of Nanomaterials Hazard and Risk

Tue, 21 May 2013 14:53:50 GMT

This Account presents a rational process for the integration of in silico engineered nanoparticles (ENMs) toxicity and fate and transport analyses for environmental impact assessment. This approach requires knowledge of ENM toxicity and environmental exposure concentrations. Developments in high throughput screening (HTS) are now enabling the rapid generation of large data sets for ENM toxicity assessment.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 802-812

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Nanocarriers: Biofunctionality and Biocompatibility

Tue, 21 May 2013 14:45:11 GMT

In this Account, the authors detail their recent efforts to develop mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) as biocompatible nanocarriers that simultaneously display multiple functions
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 792-801

Biophysical Responses upon the Interaction of Nanomaterials with Cellular Interfaces

Tue, 21 May 2013 14:34:38 GMT

In this Account, the authors explore the risks of nanomaterials to human health and safety from the perspective of the biophysical interactions between nanomaterials and cells. These risks are complicated to unravel, however, because of the complexity of cells and their nanoscale macromolecular components, which enable cells to sense and respond to environmental cues, including nanomaterials.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 782-791

Inhalation Toxicity Assessment of Carbon-Based Nanoparticles

Tue, 21 May 2013 14:24:55 GMT

This Account reviews the inhalation toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials and compares them with inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies of well-characterized fullerene and carbon nanotubes.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 770-781

Metabolism of Nanomaterials in Vivo: Blood Circulation and Organ Clearance

Tue, 21 May 2013 14:16:51 GMT

In this Account, the authors discuss the blood circulation and organ clearance patterns of nanomaterials (NMs) in the lung, liver, and kidney. The circulation of NMs in bloodstream is critical for delivery of inhalable NMs to extrapulmonary organs, the delivery of injectable NMs, the dynamics of tissue redistribution, and the overall targeting of drug carriers to specific cells and organs.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 761-769

Quantification of Carbon Nanomaterials in Vivo

Mon, 20 May 2013 19:56:08 GMT

In this Account, the authors review the in vivo quantification methods of carbon nanomaterials (NMs), focusing on isotopic labeling and tracing methods, and summarize the related labeling, purification, bio-sampling, and detection of carbon NMs. They also address the advantages, applicable situations, and limits of various labeling and tracing methods and propose guidelines for choosing suitable labeling methods.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 750-760

The Challenge To Relate the Physicochemical Properties of Colloidal Nanoparticles to Their Cytotoxicity

Mon, 20 May 2013 19:44:13 GMT

In this Account, the authors describe the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and how they can be determined and discuss their general importance for cytotoxicity. For simplicity, they focus primarily on in vitro toxicology that examines the interaction of living cells with engineered colloidal NPs with an inorganic core.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 743-749

The Biologically Effective Dose in Inhalation Nanotoxicology

Mon, 20 May 2013 19:34:43 GMT

In this Account,the authors describe the current knowledge of the biologically effective dose (BED) as it pertains to different nanoparticle (NP) types. Although knowledge is accumulating on the BED for NPs, many questions and challenges remain in understanding and utilizing this important nanotoxicological parameter.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 723-732

Differences in the Biokinetics of Inhaled Nano- versus Micrometer-Sized Particles

Mon, 20 May 2013 19:24:37 GMT

In this Account, the authors summarize the knowledge base associated with the biokinetics of inhaled biopersistent nano- and micrometer-sized particles (NPs and ìPs) to assess their toxicity and to develop an understanding of their potential risks. Particle biokinetics result from a multitude of highly dynamic processes, which depend not only on physicochemical properties of the particles but also on a multitude of cellular and molecular responses and interactions.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 714-722

Understanding the Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes

Mon, 20 May 2013 19:13:03 GMT

In this Account, the authors highlight recent investigations into the basis of carbon nanotube (CNT) toxicity carried out by their team and by other laboratories. They focus on several important factors that explain the disparities in the experimental results of nanotoxicity, such as impurities, amorphous carbon, surface charge, shape, length, agglomeration, and layer numbers.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 702-713

Safety Considerations for Graphene: Lessons Learnt from Carbon Nanotubes

Mon, 20 May 2013 19:03:46 GMT

In this Account, the authors compare the lessons learned from the development of carbon nanotubes with what is known about graphene, based on their own investigations and those of others. They offer a set of rules for the development of graphene and its derivatives to enhance their overall safety and minimize the risks for adverse reactions in humans from exposure.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(3): 692-701