International Council on Nanotechnology, Rice University - Virtual Journal

Oral exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles affects iron absorption

Mon, 13 Feb 2012 16:17:24 GMT

This paper investigates how chronic and acute oral exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles can influence iron uptake and iron transport in an in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium and an in vivo chicken intestinal loop model.
Nature Nanotechnology, 2012, Advance online publication, DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.3

Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling is involved in silver nanoparticles-induced apoptosis

Thu, 09 Feb 2012 18:04:11 GMT

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) resulted in cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death when analyzing cell viability, DNA fragmentation and the apoptotic sub-G1 population. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy indicated that the cells were sensitive to AgNPs with respect to the induction of mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading and enhancement of ER stress.
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 44(1): 224-232 (January 2012)

Role of the Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 pathway in silver nanoparticle-mediated cytotoxicity

Thu, 09 Feb 2012 16:53:40 GMT

In this study, the role of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor in nano-Ag-induced cytotoxicity was investigated.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 258(1): 89-98 (January 2011)

Study of serum interaction with a cationic nanoparticle: Implications for in vitro endocytosis, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity

Thu, 09 Feb 2012 16:37:50 GMT

In this study, well-characterized and positively charged nanoparticles (NP+) were used to investigate the importance of cell culture conditions, specifically the presence of serum and proteins, on NP+ physicochemical characteristics, and the consequences for their endocytosis and genotoxicity in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-).
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 423(1): 37-44 (February 2012)

Carbon nanotube compared with carbon black: effects on bacterial survival against grazing by ciliates and antimicrobial treatments

Wed, 08 Feb 2012 17:55:07 GMT

In this study, the ingestion and digestion of Escherichia coli by the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila, was investigated after an initial exposure to either water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) or to carbon black (CB).
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.652205

An effective strategy for the synthesis of biocompatible gold nanoparticles using danshensu antioxidant: prevention of cytotoxicity via attenuation of free radical formation

Wed, 08 Feb 2012 17:48:00 GMT

In this study, danshensu, a naturally occurring polyphenol antioxidant isolated from Chinese herb, was used to provide a fundamental protection layer for AuNPs, to alleviate oxidative stress and as a reducing agent to react with chloroauric acid and to suppress the cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.653415

Controllable synthesis of monodispersed silver nanoparticles as standards for quantitative assessment of their cytotoxicity

Tue, 07 Feb 2012 17:57:16 GMT

This work describes the preparation of monodispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag NP)s with sizes of 25, 35, 45, 60 and 70 nm by using an optimized polyol method with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as surfactant. With the monodispersed Ag NPs as standard samples, the size- and dose- dependent cytotoxicity of Ag NPs against Human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells was accurately accomplished in terms of cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis, reactive oxygen species, etc.
Biomaterials 33(6): 1714-1721 (February 2012)

The cytotoxicity of cadmium-based quantum dots

Tue, 07 Feb 2012 17:44:08 GMT

this article, the authors aim to summarize recent progress on mechanistic studies of cytotoxicity of II–IV QDs. They have studied the cytotoxicity of a series of aqueous synthesized QDs (aqQDs), i.e. CdTe, CdTe/CdS core-shell structured and CdTe/CdS/ZnS core-shell-shell structured aqQDs.
Biomaterials 33(5): 1238-1244 (February 2012)

Characteristics of functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite and internalization by human epithelial cell

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 17:38:29 GMT

In this study, a facile method has been developed for the fabrication of arginine-functionalized and europium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Arg-Eu-HAP). The biological properties of the synthesized nanoparticles with DNA binding, cell toxicity, cell binding and intracellular distribution were tested by agarose gel electrophoresis assay, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope.
Nanoscale Research Letters, 6:600 (November 2011)

Preparation of Tetraamino-Phthalocyanine Zinc Loaded Silica Nanoparticles and Its Cytotoxicity Study

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 17:26:29 GMT

This study describes the preparation of positive charged silica nanoparticles, entrapping hydrophobic photosensitizer 2,9,16, 23-tetraamino-phthalocyanine zinc (ZnPc(NH(2))(4)), in the nonpolar core of micelles by hydrolysis of triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The toxicity of silica nanoparticles to cells has been investigated by the incubation of the ZnPc(NH(2))(4), entrapped-nanoparticles and the nanoparticles without ZnPc(NH(2))(4)(SiO(2)-NH(2)) with living cancer cells (HeLa, U251, PC-12).
Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 39(10): 1567-1571 (October 2011)

Comparative protein profile of human hepatoma HepG2 cells treated with graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes: An iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS proteome analysis

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 17:18:10 GMT

In this study, the iTRAQ-coupled 20 LC-MS/MS approach was applied to analyze the protein profile change of human hepatoma HepG2 cells treated with graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), with the purpose of characterizing the interactions between living system and these nanomaterials at molecular level.
Toxicology Letters, 207(3): 213-221 (December 2011)

Perceptions and actions: relationships of views on risk with citation actions of nanotechnology scientists

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 17:07:22 GMT

This study links survey data on scientists' societal perceptions of nanotechnology with publication data to understand the extent of association between societal perspectives held by nanoscientists and publication actions. Specifically, the relationship between scientists' attitudes in two areas and their actions in citing nanotechnology environmental, health, and safety (EHS) publications is explored.
Research Evaluation, 20(5): 377-388 (December 2011)

Differences in Gene Expression and Cytokine Production by Crystalline vs. Amorphous Silica in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 16:49:51 GMT

For this study, Affymetrix/GeneSifter microarray analysis was used to determine whether gene expression profiles differed in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS 2B) exposed to cristobalite vs. amorphous silica particles at non-toxic and equal surface areas. Bio-Plex analysis was also used to determine profiles of secreted cytokines and chemokines in response to both particles. Finally, primary human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) were used to comparatively assess silica particle-induced alterations in gene expression.
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2012, 9:6 (43 pp)

Carbon Black Nanoparticle Instillation Induces Sustained Inflammation and Genotoxicity in Mouse Lung and Liver

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 16:42:48 GMT

This study investigated inflammatory and acute phase responses, DNA strand breaks (SB) and oxidatively damaged DNA in C57BL/6 mice 1, 3 and 28 days after a single instillation of 0.018, 0.054 or 0.162 mg Printex 90 CBNPs, alongside sham controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was analyzed for cellular composition. SB in BAL cells, whole lung and liver were assessed using the alkaline comet assay. Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites were assessed as an indicator of oxidatively damaged DNA. Pulmonary and hepatic acute phase response was evaluated by Saa3 mRNA quantitative PCR.
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2012, 9:5 (43 pp)

Nanotitanium dioxide toxicity in mouse lung is reduced in sanding dust from paint

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 16:35:36 GMT

This study compares the toxic effects of the titanium dioxide nanoparticle UV-Titan L181 (NanoTiO2), pure or embedded in a paint matrix and also compares the effects of the same paint with and without NanoTiO2. Mice received a single intratracheal instillation of 18, 54 and 162 ug of NanoTiO2 or 54, 162 and 486 ug of the sanding dust from paint with and without NanoTiO2. DNA damage in broncheoalveolar lavage cells and liver, lung inflammation and liver histology were evaluated 1, 3 and 28 days after intratracheal instillation.
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2012, 9:4 (45 pp)

Amorphous silica nanoparticles size-dependently aggravate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions following an intradermal injection

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 16:01:49 GMT

In this study, the relationship between the size of silica nanoparticles (SPs) and adjuvant activity was investigated using a model for atopic dermatitis.
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2012, 9:3 (43 pp)

In vitro studies on the effect of particle size on macrophage responses to nanodiamond wear debris

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 15:29:24 GMT

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of size of synthetic nanodiamond particles on macrophage proliferation (BrdU incorporation), apoptosis (Annexin-V flow cytometry), metabolic activity (WST-1 assay), and inflammatory cytokine production (qPCR). RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to varying sizes and concentrations of synthetic nanodiamonds.
Acta Biomaterialia, 2012, Accepted Manuscript, DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.033

Particle Size and Concentration Dependent Cytotoxicity of Citrate Capped Gold Nanoparticles

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 19:19:28 GMT

In this study, spherical gold nanoparticles (NPs) of different average size (15 nm and 47 nm) prepared by citrate reduction were used to examine their cytotoxic effects. The concentration and size dependent cytotoxic effects of gold NPs were investigated using two in vitro human cells model systems: proliferating lymphocytes and connective tissue fibroblasts.
Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 6(3): 1367-1376 (July-September 2011)

Tuning the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes by surface hydroxylation

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 19:00:28 GMT

For this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared by high temperature annealing, acid oxidation and gamma irradiation. Their morphology, metal contents and surface properties were characterized by a series of techniques. The effects of surface hydrophilicity on their cell uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity were evaluated by radio-labeling techniques and several biological assays.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12): 6941-6952 (December 2011)

A Strategy for Assessing Workplace Exposures to Nanomaterials

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 18:47:32 GMT

This article describes a highly tailorable exposure assessment strategy for nanomaterials that enables effective and efficient exposure management (i.e., a strategy that can identify jobs or tasks that have clearly unacceptable exposures), while simultaneously requiring only a modest level of resources to conduct.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2011, 8(1): 673-685

The effect of TiO(2) and Ag nanoparticles on reproduction and development of Drosophila melanogaster and CD-1 mice

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 18:16:04 GMT

In this study, the effects of orally administered TiO(2) or silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on reproduction and development in two different model organisms, CD-1 mice and the fruit fly, Dropsophila, were investigated.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 257(3): 429-436 (December 2011)

Pre-irradiation of anatase TiO(2) particles with UV enhances their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential in human hepatoma HepG2 cells

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 17:51:03 GMT

This study investigated whether pre-irradiation of TiO(2) particles with UV influences their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. The TiO(2) particles, as TiO(2)-A (<25 nm) and TiO(2)-B (>100 nm), were UV pre-irradiated (24 h) and tested for cytotoxic and genotoxic activities in human hepatoma HepC2 cells.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 196: 145-152 (November 2011)

Contrast of the Biological Activity of Negatively and Positively Charged Microwave Synthesized CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 17:41:50 GMT

This article compares the cytotoxicity and cellular interactions of positively and negatively charged CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs prepared by a microwave method using a murine alveolar macrophage-like cell culture model.
Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2011, 24(12): 2176-2188

A hypothetical model for predicting the toxicity of high aspect ratio nanoparticles (HARN)

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 17:31:11 GMT

The aim of this review is two-fold: (a) to present findings from past literature, on the physicochemical property and pathogenicity bioassay testing of high aspect ratio nanoparticles (HARN) and (b) to identify some of the challenges and future research steps crucial before the HARN model can be accepted as a predictive model.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12): 6683-6698 (December 2011)

An Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 17:12:52 GMT

In this study, tests for acute oral toxicity, eye irritation, corrosion and dermal toxicity of colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were conducted in laboratory animals following OECD guidelines.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 73(11): 1417-1423 (November 2011)

Uniform YF(3) nanorods: Synthesis, luminescent properties and cytotoxicity study

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 17:03:43 GMT

This paper describes the preparation of uniform YF(3) nanoraods via a facile solvothermal method with ethanol as solvent and tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride (TBAF) as fluorine source. The nanorods were charecterized and cytotoxicity studies to determine biocompatability were undertaken.
Journal of Rare Earths, 29(11): 1036-1039 (November 2011)

Nanoparticles: Mode of Occurrence and Ecotoxicity

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 16:53:07 GMT

The paper reports on problems dealt with in ecotoxicological studies of nanoparticles. The types of nanoparticles and nanomaterials such as nanometals, nanoceramics, nanopolymers and carbon nanostructures are described in detail, and the interactions of nanoparticles with water and land organisms are characterized. (full text in Polish)
Ochrona Srodowiska, 2011, 33(4): 23-26

Potential of coculture in vitro models to study inflammatory and sensitizing effects of particles on the lung

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 16:40:57 GMT

In this review relevant in vitro models to study and elucidate the cellular mechanisms involved in particulate matter (PM) and nanoparticle (NP)sensitatization processes are presented and their potential to serve as part of a tiered testing strategy is discussed.
Toxicology in Vitro, 25(8): 1516-1534 (December 2011)

Genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles stimulated by oxidative stress in human normal bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 16:30:00 GMT

This study was undertaken to elucidate the genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in lung and the role of oxidative stress on the genotoxic effects of Ag-NPs using the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) assay for BEAS-2B cells.
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 726(2): 129-135 (December 2011)

Toxicity evaluation of biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles using a zebrafish embryo model

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:54:54 GMT

In this study, the zebrafish model was used for a safety evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles, which is used as a nanocarrier. Chitosan nanoparticles of different concentrations were incubated with zebrafish embryos, and ZnO nanoparticles were used as the positive control.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2011:6, 3351-3359

Impact of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the development of zebrafish embryos

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:45:40 GMT

For this study, the biological behavior and toxic effects of mercaptoacetic acid-CdSe/ZnS QDs (MAA-QDs) in developing zebrafish embryos were investigated by in vivo tests. The MAA-QDs were introduced into zebrafish through microinjection at early stage.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12): 6895-6906 (December 2011)

In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic and inflammatory properties of silica nanoparticles of different sizes in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:37:54 GMT

For this study, the biological response to four well-characterized amorphous silica nanoparticles was investigated in RAW 264.7 macrophages in view of their potential application as drug carriers to sites of inflammation.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12): 6775-6787 (December 2011)

Iron-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species and glutathione depletion after accumulation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by oligodendroglial cells

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:29:22 GMT

This study applied dimercaptosuccinate (DMSA)-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) that had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 60 nm to oligodendroglial OLN-93 cells in order to investigate the consequences of a treatment of brain cells with such particles.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12): 6761-6774 (December 2011)

Alternative in vitro assays in nanomaterial toxicology

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 16:58:06 GMT

This article overviews limitations of traditional approaches for toxicity assessments of chemicals, including nanoparticles, and discusses possible new approaches in chemical safety assessment which can be used for nanomaterials, which have notably altered biokinetics.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 3(6): 545-573 (November/December 2011)

Elucidation mechanism of different biological responses to multi-walled carbon nanotubes using four cell lines

Tue, 31 Jan 2012 18:04:10 GMT

This study examined differences in cellular responses to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using malignant pleural mesothelioma cells (MESO-1), bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32), and monoblastic cells (THP-1), before and after differentiation.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2011:6, 3487-3497

Effect of dispersants of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on cellular uptake and biological responses

Tue, 31 Jan 2012 17:54:10 GMT

This study investigated the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersants on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was examined (measured by alamarBlue® assay), as well as intracellular MWCNT concentration and cytokine secretion (measured by flow cytometry) in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to a type of highly purified MWCNT vapor grown carbon fiber in three different dispersants.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2011:6, 3295-3307

CdTe and CdSe Quantum Dots Cytotoxicity: A Comparative Study on Microorganisms

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 18:02:10 GMT

In this mini-review, an overview is given on the synthesis and optical properties of quantum dots (QDs), and its advantages and bioapplications in the studies about microorganisms such as protozoa, bacteria, fungi and virus.
Sensors, 2011, 11(12): 11664-11678

Effect of gold nanoparticles on adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 17:45:57 GMT

In this study, the effect of negatively charged gold nanoparticles (9 and 95 nm), which are certified as reference material for preclinical biomedical research, on the adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is investigated.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12): 6789-6803 (December 2011)

Antibacterial activities of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 17:38:40 GMT

In this study, the antibacterial activities of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NP) alone or in combination with other antimicrobials (nisin and ZnO NP) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Stanley were investigated.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12): 6877-6885 (December 2011)

How to statistically analyze nano exposure measurement results: using an ARIMA time series approach

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 17:31:22 GMT

This article addresses the statistical difficulties when analyzing real-time measurements for exposure assessment to manufactured nano objects. To account for autocorrelation patterns, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models are proposed. A simulation study shows the pitfalls of using a standard t-test and the application of ARIMA models is illustrated with three real-data examples. Some practical suggestions for the data analysis of real-time exposure measurements conclude this article.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12): 6991-7004 (December 2011)

Evaluation of dermal and eye irritation and skin sensitization due to carbon nanotubes

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 17:21:50 GMT

For this study, two products composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and two products composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were tested regarding acute dermal and acute eye irritation using rabbits, and skin sensitization using guinea pigs.
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 61(3): 276-281 (December 2011)

Morphological transformation induced by multiwall carbon nanotubes on Balb/3T3 cell model as an in vitro end point of carcinogenic potential

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 15:42:37 GMT

For this study, the toxicological effects of nude and chemically functionalised (-NH2, -OH and -COOH groups) multiwall carbon nanotubes (mwCNTs) were investigated using immortalised mouse fibroblasts cell line (Balb/3T3) as in vitro model, alternative to the use of animals, to assess basal cytotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, genotoxicity and cell interaction of nanomaterials (NM).
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.652681

Dispersal State of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Elicits Profibrogenic Cellular Responses That Correlate with Fibrogenesis Biomarkers and Fibrosis in the Murine Lung

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:33:08 GMT

This study reports on the development of a dispersal method for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that allows quantitative assessment of dispersion on profibrogenic responses in tissue culture cells and in mouse lung.
ACS Nano, 2011, 5(12): 9772-9787

Identification of the Nanogold Particle-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Omic Techniques and Systems Biology Analysis

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:23:50 GMT

In this study, proteomic techniques, including two-dimensional electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and protein microarrays, were utilized to study the differentially expressed proteome and phosphoproteome, respectively, in order to elucidate the underlying cellular mechanisms of growth inhibition and apoptotic/necrotic phenotype that was observed in nanogold particle (AuNP)-treated human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
ACS Nano, 2011, 5(12): 9354-9369

Molecular Responses of Human Lung Epithelial Cells to the Toxicity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Inferred from Whole Genome Expression Analysis

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:14:32 GMT

This study proposes a molecular mechanism for lung epithelial A549 cell response to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) related to Cu ions released from CuO-NPs.
ACS Nano, 2011, 5(12): 9326-9338

Interference of Silver, Gold, and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Epidermal Growth Factor Signal Transduction in Epithelial Cells

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 17:08:03 GMT

In this study, the impact of low levels of 10 nm silver (Ag-NP), gold (Au-NP), and iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) on epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal transduction within the human epithelial cell line, A-431, was investigated.
ACS Nano, 2011, 5(12): 10000-10008

Screening of different metal oxide nanoparticles reveals selective toxicity and inflammatory potential of silica nanoparticles in lung epithelial cells and macrophages

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 16:56:04 GMT

In this study, a panel of industrially most relevant metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) was screened for toxic effects in A549 lung epithelial cells and RAW264.7 macrophages in the presence and absence of foetal calf serum (FCS).
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.652206

One-step fabrication of biocompatible chitosan-coated ZnS and ZnS:Mn2+ quantum dots via a gamma-radiation route

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 19:55:06 GMT

This paper describes the synthesis of biocompatible chitosan-coated ZnS quantum dots [CS-ZnS QDs] and chitosan-coated ZnS:Mn2+ quantum dots [CS-ZnS:Mn2+ QDs] via a convenient one-step gamma-radiation route and subsequent cell experiments for cytotoxicity and biocompatibility.
Nanoscale Research Letters, 6:591(November 2011)

In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of 25-nm Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles in Immortalized Keratinocyte Cells

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 19:40:24 GMT

In this study, the interaction of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with HaCaT cells is studied in vitro with multi-techniques.
Biological Trace Element Research, 144(1-3): 183-196 (December 2011)

Measuring the influence of nanotechnology environmental, health and safety research

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 19:24:40 GMT

Concern about nanotechnology risks has engendered an upsurge of research on environmental, health and safety issues (Nano-EHS). This paper explores the extent to which such research is impacting the field. Citations to a carefully vetted set of Nano-EHS articles are analyzed along several dimensions. One dimension concerns the emergence of a Nano-EHS field, as indicated by shared bodies of research knowledge. A second concerns the extent to which nanotechnology researchers, in general, are taking Nano-EHS results into account in their studies (i.e. how are they citing Nano-EHS articles?). A third dimension explores the degree to which corporate nano-researchers are attendant to Nano-EHS findings. Findings suggest that the sharply increased Nano-EHS funding is translating into sharply increasing research output and the emergence of a research community. General nanotechnology researchers are increasingly citing Nano-EHS results, but still to a very small extent. Furthermore, corporate attention to this research seems to be lagging. These results demonstrate the viability of tracking citation information to substantial bodies of research to assess patterns of influence. That, in turn, offers a useful research evaluation capability.
Research Evaluation, 20(5): 389-395 (December 2011)

Public optimism towards nanomedicine

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 19:13:29 GMT

The aim of this survey was to investigate the Italian judgment on nanotechnology and which demographic and heuristic variables were most influential in shaping public perceptions of the benefits and risks of nanotechnology.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2011:6, 3473-3485

Toxicity of aqueous C70-gallic acid suspension in Daphnia magna

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:59:00 GMT

This study assessed the toxic effects of stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of gallic-acid-stabilized C70 fullerene on Daphnia magna by quantifying whole-organism responses and changes in antioxidative processes in D. magna.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 215-220 (January 2012)

Aqueous suspension methods of carbon-based nanomaterials and biological effects on model aquatic organisms

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:52:35 GMT

This study assessed the biological effects of a number of commonly used dispersing agents on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Ceriodaphnia dubia as model test organisms the role of dispersing agents in toxicity studies of nanomaterials.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 210-214 (January 2012)

Interactions of gold nanoparticles with freshwater aquatic macrophytes are size and species dependent

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:45:25 GMT

For this study, the partitioning of 4- and 18-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to aquatic macrophytes was investigated in vivo with exposure suspension in well water. Three morphologically distinct aquatic macrophytes were studied.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 194-201 (January 2012)

Reproductive and behavioral responses of earthworms exposed to nano-sized titanium dioxide in soil

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:40:01 GMT

In this study, earthworms (Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida) were exposed to three types of commercially available, uncoated TiO2 nanomaterials with nominal diameters of 5, 10, and 21 nm. Nanomaterials were characterized for particle size, agglomeration, surface charge, chemical composition, and purity. Standard lethality, reproduction, and avoidance tests, as well as a juvenile growth test, were conducted in artificial soil or field soil amended with nano-TiO2 by two methods, liquid dispersion and dry powder mixing. All studies included a micrometer-sized TiO2 control.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 184-193 (January 2012)

Effect of titanium dioxide nanomaterials and ultraviolet light coexposure on African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:55:12 GMT

In this study, the dependence of nano-TiO2 toxicity on particle size and interaction with UV light were investigated. Toxicity tests with Xenopus laevis included eight concentrations of nano-TiO2 in the presence of either white light or UVA (315–400 nm).
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 176-183 (January 2012)

Effects of natural water chemistry on nanosilver behavior and toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:48:43 GMT

For this study, a series of batch experiments was conducted to determine the effect of natural waters with different solution chemistries on nanosilver (nAg) particle dispersion, stability, and toxicity. Toxicity assays were performed in tested natural waters as well as in traditional growth media.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 168-175 (January 2012)

Effects of chronic nanoparticulate silver exposure to adult and juvenile sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:42:58 GMT

In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of chronic exposure to low levels of nanoparticulate silver (AgNP) in both juvenile and adult sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegarus; SHMs).
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 160-167 (January 2012)

Ion-release kinetics and ecotoxicity effects of silver nanoparticles

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:34:52 GMT

In this study, the ecotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in aquatic organisms, silver ion-release kinetics of AgNPs, and their relationship were investigated.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 155-159 (January 2012)

Production and consumption of reactive oxygen species by fullerenes

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:27:41 GMT

For this study, the production and consumption of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals) by Buckminster fullerene (C60) and fullerenol were investigated in aqueous systems in order to understand the environmental exposure and toxicity of fullerenes better.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 136-143 (January 2012)

Influence of a nanoparticle mixture on an arctic soil community

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:20:14 GMT

In this study, the impact of a combination of three different nanoparticles (NPs), silver, copper, and silica (all at 0.022%, w/w), on an arctic microbial community was investigated. After adding the NPs, soil microcosms were incubated for 176 d, and subsequent estimates of microbe diversity were obtained using culture-dependent and culture-independent assessments.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 131-135 (January 2012)

Effects of silver nanoparticles on bacterial activity in natural waters

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:13:43 GMT

In this study, bacterioplankton were collected from nine aquatic habitats and exposed to six concentrations of carboxy-functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (ViveNano, 10-nm particle size, 20% Ag w/w) over 48 h in order to investigate the impacts of AgNPs on natural aquatic microbial activity in an environmentally relevant context.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 122-130 (January 2012)

Toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticle suspensions to aquatic biota

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 21:53:38 GMT

In this study, toxicity effects induced by nanosuspensions of CuO on macrophytic algae cells of Nitellopsis obtusa (96-h median lethal concentration [LC50]), microphytic algae Chlorella (30-min median inhibitory concentration [IC50]), shrimp Thamnocephalus platyurus (24-h LC50), and rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus (24-h LC50) were investigated.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 108-114 (January 2012)

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 21:44:23 GMT

In this review, the authors focus on the important elements of measuring the ecotoxicity of carbon NPs (CNPs) and make recommendations for ecotoxicology testing that should enable more rigorous interpretations of collected data and interlaboratory comparisons.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 60-72 (January 2012)

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 21:38:12 GMT

This article addresses many questions about the environmental fate of engineered nanomaterials, using four hypothetical case studies that cover a wide range of ENM, their direct use or product applications, and their likely fate in the environment.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 50-59 (January 2012)

Analysis of engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices (environment and biota): General considerations and conceptual case studies

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 21:28:40 GMT

This review addresses analytical techniques applied in materials science and other chemical/biological/physical disciplines which may be applied to engineered nanomaterial (ENM) analysis; however, environmental and biological studies may require that methods be adapted to work at low concentrations in complex matrices. The most pressing research needs are the development of techniques for extraction, cleanup, separation, and sample storage that introduce minimal artifacts to increase the speed, sensitivity, and specificity of analytical techniques.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 32-49 (January 2012)

Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: Practical experiences and recommendations from the bench

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 21:19:47 GMT

This paper reports the practical issues for working with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and suggests nano-specific modifications to protocols. The review considers generic practical issues, as well as specific issues for aquatic tests, marine grazers, soil organisms, and bioaccumulation studies.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 15-31 (January 2012)

Paradigms to assess the environmental impact of manufactured nanomaterials

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 21:13:28 GMT

This article seeks to answer several questions: Where does the science need to provide reliable data that will assist policymakers and regulators develop strategies to manage nanomaterials and instill public confidence regarding the safety of these materials? What are the critical needs that will move us forward safely and intelligently in this promising field? Are the paradigms generally developed to assess the fate and effects of solute contaminants applicable to nanomaterials? We propose a way to answer these questions and move Nano EHS forward
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 3-14 (January 2012)

TiO2 Nanoparticles Are Phototoxic to Marine Phytoplankton

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 16:12:31 GMT

This study investigates whether low levels of ultraviolet light, consistent with those found in nature, can induce toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to marine phytoplankton, the most important primary producers on Earth.
PLoS One, 2012, 7(1): e30321

A Mixture of Anatase and Rutile TiO2 Nanoparticles induces Histamine Secretion in Mast Cells

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 14:55:16 GMT

In this study, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticle exposure on both histamine secretion and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]C) in a dose dependent manner in rat RBL-2H3 mast cells was investigated.
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2012, 9:2 (29 pp)

Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and expression of adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to dust from paints with or without nanoparticles

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 17:36:19 GMT

This study compares paint-related nanoparticles with respect to effects on endothelial oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and cell adhesion molecule expression. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to primary nanoparticles (fine, photocatalytic or nanosized TiO2, aluminium silicate, carbon black, nano-silicasol or axilate) and dust from sanding reference- or nanoparticle-containing paints.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.641604

Are reproduction impairments of free spawning marine invertebrates exposed to zero-valent nano-iron associated with dissolution of nanoparticles?

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 17:29:45 GMT

The studies reported here were carried out to assess the effects of coating applied to zero-valent nano-iron (nZVI) on early life stage development of three key marine invertebrate species Mytilus galloprovincialis, Ciona intestinalis and Psammechinus milliaris.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.647927

Single-walled carbon nanotubes: differential genotoxic potential associated with physico-chemical properties

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 17:24:10 GMT

For this study, the genotoxic potential of 400¨C800 nm, 1¨C3 um and 5¨C30 um single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with respect to their geometry and surface characteristics was studied. Following thorough physico-chemical characterisation, human bronchial epithelial (BEAS−2B) and lymphoblastoid (MCL-5) cells were treated with SWCNT.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.647928

Reactive oxygen species-mediated p38 MAPK regulates carbon nanotube-induced fibrogenic and angiogenic responses

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 17:17:31 GMT

In this study, the authors report that single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-mediated interplay of fibrogenic and angiogenic regulators leads to increased angiogenesis, which is a novel finding that furthers the understanding of SWCNT-induced cytotoxicity.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.647929

Recovery from silver-nanoparticle-exposure-induced lung inflammation and lung function changes in Sprague Dawley rats

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 17:10:36 GMT

This study investigated the recovery from lung function changes in male and female rats following the cessation of 12 weeks of silver nanoparticle exposure.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.648223

Heme oxygenase expression as a biomarker of exposure to amphiphilic polymer-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 16:59:42 GMT

This study reports on the effects of specially synthesized amphiphilic polymer-coated tri-n-octylphosphine oxide - poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-tetradecene (TOPO-PMAT) quantum dots (QDs) on viability and stress response in five cell lines of mouse and human origins
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.648224

Surface functionalities of gold nanoparticles impact embryonic gene expression responses

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 16:50:56 GMT

In this study, we utilised the embryonic zebrafish to investigate how surface functionalisation and charge influence molecular responses. The study used developmental assessments to determine differential biological responses when embryos were exposed to the functionalised AuNPs at the same concentration.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.648225

Cadmium telluride quantum dot nanoparticle cytotoxicity and effects on model immune responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 16:43:56 GMT

This study examines dose effects of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) from two commercial sources on model macrophages (J774A.1) and colonic epithelial cells (HT29). Effects on cellular immune signalling responses were measured following sequential exposure to QDs and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.648667

Alumina nanoparticles alter rhythmic activities of local interneurons in the antennal lobe of Drosophila

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 16:38:46 GMT

In this study, Drosophila was used as a model organism to explore the effects of nano-alumina on the central nervous system. The study focused on the rhythmic activities in the antennal lobe of Drosophila using patch clamps to record the electrophysiological activities.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.648668

Effect of surface modification of silica nanoparticles on toxicity and cellular uptake by human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 16:03:44 GMT

This study was undertaken to determine the kinetics of cellular binding/uptake of the vinyl- and the aminopropyl/vinyl-modified silica nanoparticles into peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, to explore their genotoxic and cytotoxic properties and to compare the biological properties of modified silica nanoparticles with those of the unmodified ones.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.649796

In vitro toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles in human colon carcinoma cells

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 15:55:49 GMT

This study on the toxicological relevance of SiO2 nanoparticles focuses on cytotoxic effects, the modulation of the cellular redox status and the impact on DNA integrity in human colon carcinoma cells (HT29).
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.652207

In vitro assessment of engineered nanomaterials using a hepatocyte cell line: cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokines and functional markers

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 15:45:44 GMT

This study evaluates the effects on the liver C3A cell line treated with a panel of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) consisting of two zinc oxide particles (ZnO; coated 100 nm and uncoated 130 nm), two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), one silver (Ag less than 20 nm), one 7 nm anatase, two rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (10 and 94 nm) and two derivatives with positive and negative covalent functionalisation of the 10 nm rutile.
Nanotoxicology, 2012 Early Online, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.653416

Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Mediated DNA Damage in Terrestrial Plant Models

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 15:34:57 GMT

This study investigates whether copper oxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage in agricultural and grassland plants by evaluating the accumulation of oxidatively modified, mutagenic DNA lesions under controlled laboratory conditions. Lesion accumulation levels mediated by copper ions and macroscale copper particles were measured in tandem to clarify the mechanisms of DNA damage.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2012, Article ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/es202660k

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Interfere With Zinc Ion Homeostasis to Cause Cytotoxicity

Mon, 23 Jan 2012 15:18:02 GMT

This study investigates changes in both [Zn2+]c and mitochondrial free Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]m) under conditions of ZnO-NP treatment in vivo and in vitro in human leukemia Jurkat cells and human lung carcinoma H1355 cells.
Toxicological Sciences, 125(2): 462-472 (February 2012)

Toward toxicity testing of nanomaterials in the 21st century: a paradigm for moving forward

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:51:59 GMT

This article proposes a paradigm for toxicity testing and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of reference materials for specific nanomaterial classes/subclasses using short-term in vivo animal studies in conjunction with high-throughput screenings and mechanism-based short-term in vitro assays. The hazard potential of a particular nanomaterial can be evaluated by conducting only in vitro high-throughput assays and mechanistic studies and comparing the data with those of the reference materials in the specific class/subclass - an approach in line with the vision for 'Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century' of chemicals.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 4(1): 1-15 (January/February 2012)

Solubility of nano-zinc oxide in environmentally and biologically important matrices

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:32:16 GMT

The goal of this study was to determine the relative solubilities of both commercially available and in-house synthesized ZnO in matrices used for environmental fate and transport or biological toxicity studies. Dissolution of ZnO was investigated in nanopure water, Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI-1640), and in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 93-99 (January 2012)

Interspecies comparisons on the uptake and toxicity of silver and cerium dioxide nanoparticles

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:23:14 GMT

This study compares the potential biological effects of silver and cerium dioxide particles in a range of cell (human hepatocyte and intestinal and fish hepatocyte) and animal (Daphnia magna, Cyprinus carpio) models to assess possible commonalities in toxicity across taxa. Cellular uptake of all materials tested was shown in C3A hepatocytes and Caco-2 intestinal cells, and for Ag, into the intestine, liver, gallbladder, and gills of carp exposed via the water.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(1): 144-154 (January 2012)

Synthesis, dispersion, and cytocompatibility of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:12:57 GMT

In this study, the synthesis, characterization, and toxicity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are reported. The stability of suspensions in a wide range of concentrations of three different dispersants is studied and cytocompatibility tests are carried out on mice fibroblast cells (line L929).
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 89: 79-85 (January 2012)

Effect of AOT-assisted multi-walled carbon nanotubes on antibacterial activity

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:03:02 GMT

For this study, the dispersing power of surfactant-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their effect on the antibacterial activity were examined using Streptococcus mu fans.
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 89: 101-107 (January 2012)